Perspective,  J Virol Antivir Res Vol: 10 Issue: 4

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Affected by COVID-19

John Miller*

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, USA

*Corresponding author: John Miller, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, USA, E-mail: John@mill. ac.uk

Citation: Miller J (2021) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Affected by COVID-19. J Virol Antivir Res 10:4.

Received: July 07, 2021 Accepted: July 21, 2021 Published: July 28, 2021

Abstract

Keywords: 2019-nCoV, COVID-1

Introduction

Adenovirus, coronavirus 229E/NL63/OC43, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 1/2/3, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus A/B have all been described as pathogens causing pneumonia. Furthermore, in the situation of communityacquired bacterial pneumonia, these viruses can cause co-infection. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered to be a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus. SARS-CoV-2 is closely linked to two bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses, batSL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, according to phylogenetic research, but it is further distant from SARS-CoV (79 percent similarity) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. With 98.7% nucleotide similarity to the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the bat coronavirus strain, phylogenetic study shows that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to the coronavirus circulating in Rhinolophus (horseshoe bats).

In children, an uncommon complication known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been identified; this may be associated to COVID-19 [1]. Fever, stomach pain, and a rash are symptoms that are comparable to Kawasaki illness, an uncommon ailment. In young and middle-aged adults, a similar consequence has been documented (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults). It is well known that immunity to other coronaviruses is very transient. The COVID-19 pandemic hasn’t been around long enough for experts to know how long people will be immune after contracting the virus. However, a small number of instances have recently been described in which persons who had recovered from COVID-19 fell ill again after contracting a genetically different strain of SARS-CoV-2. Given the tens of millions of people who have had COVID-19, this re-infection appears to be incredibly unlikely, but researchers are unsure what will happen over time.

COVID-19 is caused by a novel beta coronavirus known as SARS Coronavirus-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) (SARS-CoV-2). High rates of transmission, mild to moderate phenotypic clinical symptoms, and severe clinical, radiologic, and pathologic abnormalities in the elderly are all clinical features of OVID-19. Although research into the disease’s prospective impact on other tissues is now underway, it mostly affects the respiratory tract. Coronaviruses are a broad and diversified genus of enclosed viruses with genetic material that is positive-sense single-stranded RNA. These viruses cause a variety of respiratory disorders in humans and other mammals, including the common cold [2].

COVID-19 enters and spreads through the respiratory tract by using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the same receptor exploited by its precursor, SARS-CoV. Fever, cough, and exhaustion are common COVID-19 symptoms, while SARS-CoV-2 can induce numerous neurological symptoms in a limited number of individuals. Severe forms of neurological malaise include acute cerebrovascular illness and meningitis/encephalitis. Although there is evidence that coronaviruses can infect the central nervous system (CNS), further research is needed to address SARSCNS CoV-2’s invasion and comprehend the virus’s underlying neurotropic processes.

References

1. 1. Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW (2020) Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan Chinathe mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol.
2. 2. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Lancet 395: 497–506.