Editorial, J Electr Eng Electron Technol Vol: 11 Issue: 1

Wireless Sensor Networks and its Applications, Protocals

Jinjun Liu^*

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore,

*Corresponding Author:

Jinjun Liu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore,
E-mail:junliu@gmail.com

Received date: 22 December, 2021; Manuscript No. JEEET-22- 56115;
Editor assigned date: 24 December, 2021; PreQC No. JEEET -22- 56115 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 3 January, 2022; QC No JEEET -22- 56115;
Revised date: 12 January, 2022; Manuscript No. JEEET -22-56115;
Published date: 21 January 2022; DOI:10.4172/jeeet.1000887
Citation: Jinjun Liu (2022) Wireless Sensor Networks and its Applications, Protocals. J Electr Eng Electron Technol 11:1.

Abstract

Keywords: sensor networks

Introduction

A Wi-Fi sensor network is a set of specialized transducers with a communications infrastructure for tracking and recording situations at various locations. Typically monitored parameters are temperature, humidity, strain, wind direction and speed, illumination intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity, electricity line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant tiers and important body functions. A sensor network consists of multiple detection stations called sensor nodes, each of that is small, lightweight and transportable. Every sensor node is prepared with a transducer, microcomputer, transceiver and power supply. The transducer generates electrical alerts primarily based on sensed bodily outcomes and phenomena. The microcomputer approaches and stores the sensor output. The transceiver receives instructions from a central pc and transmits records to that pc. The energy for each sensor node is derived from a battery. The global call for green line and higher use of power is driving a brand new generation of severe low-power wireless networks. Wi-fi networks are being evolved to be used in far off sensor-based systems for both commercial and manipulate applications [1]. This new technology of wi-fi networks also allows extra packages to better utilize genuine wireless answers that do not require any community cables or power traces. Sensor-based networks for monitoring and manipulate are not new principles. Technology exists for each wired and proprietary wi-fi implementations.
Stressed implementations have discovered as a result of their simplicity and its nature. Wi-fi, however has been constrained to only some area of interest packages. Its miles possible to develop those sorts of wireless structures nowadays through making use of designs that require very little electricity. Next-generation wireless networks can final longer on their batteries and require little to no protection over the lifespan of the utility. In the future, energy harvesting may additionally even provide the energy required, eliminating the want for batteries. Packages contain a set of preset running modes that range markedly with recognize to their processing wishes. The embedded microcontroller can utilize one in every of its many peripherals to pattern signals from its surrounding environment. The microcontroller may have nothing else to do till the peripheral collects a sure quantity of samples. Consequently, the microcontroller might sleep or input an extreme, low-energy standby mode in between every information sample. As soon as the utility reads enough information samples, the microcontroller can without problems switch to a completely on mode, in which it's far awake and walking at most running pace [2].
Always on mode, embedded systems include gadgets which can be constantly powered and in a going for walks state. In these systems, the average strength necessities are maximum probably inside the sub-milliampere variety, which without delay limits the microcontroller's attainable processing overall performance. Fortuitously, next generation embedded microcontrollers can dynamically manipulate their clock switching frequency to help reduce lively present day intake when higher computing electricity isn't always wished. After the microcontroller fills the temperature sampling buffer, it switches to a better processor velocity mode, completes the greater sophisticated noise filter out set of rules calculation and returns returned to sleep as quick as feasible lowering the quantity of on time. The microcontroller uses this equal actual time clock function to determine whether it's time to transmit any captured statistics samples again to the important manage console [3]. Determining the ultimate power mode for the microcontroller to gain absolutely the lowest overall modern-day consumption depends upon different factors. Microcontrollers also can disable the input crystal amplifier circuit whilst the tool enters a low-power mode, saving possibly numerous milliamperes of modern draw. One alternate-off comes within the shape of extended oscillator turn on time because of the startup put off of the outside crystal when it resumes [4].

Importance of Sensor Networks

A few microcontrollers use a speed startup mode, where they without delay begin walking from an inner oscillator and then robotically transfer over to the outside and extra accurate clock supply when they have had sufficient time to stabilize. Searching at the general energy price range of the wireless gadget, the datasheet parameters we are maximum inquisitive about are the transmit electricity intake, the receiver electricity intake, the standby electricity consumption and the startup time of the radio. Understanding all this, we will determine how an awful lot modern the unit will consume when transmitting and receiving information through the wireless RF channel [5]. Two different key components to preserve in thoughts whilst developing a device answer are the records length of the transmission and security. This text showed the ease of implementing a totally primary, low-electricity wi-fi sensor community [6]. By way of higher expertise the various strength management features discovered on excessive low-electricity microcontrollers, gadget engineers can increase green wireless answers. By means of honestly choosing the proper extreme low-strength microcontroller and radio products, nicely reviewing all system-level task requirements, after which utilizing the microcontroller's electricity management settings, the gadget may be kept in a low-energy sleep nation, ensuing in a decrease-fee, extremely low-electricity answer that gets the activity completed [7].
Clever environments based totally on wi-fi sensor networks represent the subsequent evolutionary development step in engineering, which include business automation, video surveillance, visitors tracking and robot control. Sensory information comes from a couple of networks of interconnected sensors with complicated disbursed places. Wi-fi sensor networks are used in lots of civilian applications nowadays. On the alternative facet, the high volume needs of human civilization and society development have given large remarks to wireless sensor networks. The special trouble acquired high fine submissions from exclusive countries all over the global. All submitted manuscripts have observed the equal preferred peer-reviewed by at the least impartial reviewers as applied to normal ones to this magazine. Unavoidably, hard choices needed to be made and a few amazing submissions couldn't be protected [8]. The number one guideline became to illustrate wireless clever sensor networks gadget and developments. Besides, some novel research questions from specific applications in engineering which might be worth of further research inside the destiny also are blanketed.
Wireless functionality gives large blessings. Including remote sensors regularly with some neighborhood decision making functionality without the fee of laying cables or wires effects in saving hard work, electricity and substances as well as creating procedure improvements through progressed monitoring and correction from anywhere, considering that clever telephones are a super human operator preservation interface. Productivity increases while operators not should tour to acquire far off information or update batteries in difficult top attain or unsafe locations. WSNs are faster to install and lots easier to relocate in comparison to stressed out solutions. They are extremely scalable and hyperlink dependable and offer actual time capability and strength independence when deployed with energy harvesting gadgets. WSN is locating its manner into business programs along with machine health vibration analysis, manufacturing, situation based totally upkeep, automatic metering, far flung tracking, stock, vehicle and personnel control and plenty of other areas of operations management [9].
Data aggregation and realized how communication in sensor networks is different from other wireless networks. Wireless sensor networks are energy constrained network. Since most of the energy consumed for transmitting and receiving data, the process of data aggregation becomes an important issue and optimization is needed. Efficient data aggregations not only provide energy conservation but also remove redundancy data and hence provide useful data only. When the data from source node is send to sink through neighbors nodes in a multichip fashion by reducing transmission and receiving power, the energy consumption is low as compared to that of sending data directly to sink that is aggregation reduces the data transmission then the without aggregation. In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficient technique for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks [10]. Our scheme integrates energy-efficient and data storage mechanisms. This survey paper shows that these techniques not only reduces power consumption but also prolongs the lifetime of a network.
We assign a weight to each sensor node corresponding to its priority in the collection process. When the drone selects its destination node, it will choose the one having the highest weight. We have defined utility functions based on the sensor nodes information disseminated in the wireless sensor network using the optimized link state routing protocol. The information required to compute the nodes weight is added to the exchanged packets during the execution system. The first proposed strategy is data driven data gathering strategy which uses the amount of stored data in each sensor node buffer. A priority is given to the nodes having the most significant data amount to collect. Those small wireless sensors can be used to collect information from the physical environment in a large number of situations ranging from wild fire tracking and animal observation to agriculture management and industrial monitoring. Each sensor wirelessly transmits information toward a base station. Sensors help each other to relay the information to the base station. The research field of wireless sensor networks has been very active since with several annual conferences, many journals and a large number of annual workshops. Wireless sensor networks are sometimes called ubiquitous sensor networks to highlight the ubiquity of the sensors. Wireless sensor networks are primarily intended to be operated over a wireless radio communications device. In contrast, the concept of smart objects is not tied to any particular communication mechanism but can run over wired as well as wireless networks.

References

1. Bhardwaj M, Min R, Chandrakasan AP (2001)  Quantifying and enhancing power awareness of vlsi systems . IEEE Transactions  9: 757-772. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
2.  Ayaki R,  Shimada H,  Sato K (2012) A proposal of sensor data collection system using mobile relay nodes . Wirel  Sens  Netw  4: 1. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
3. Ghani HAA,  Konstantas D (2019) A comprehensive study of security and privacy guidelines threats and countermeasures: An iot  perspective.  J  Sens  Actuator Netw 8:  22. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
4. Wang Y, Qian CH, Liu X (2015) Compensation strategy for distributed tracking in wireless sensor networks with packet losses.  Wirel  Netw  21: 1925-1934. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
5. Park JH, Friedman G, Jones M (2004) Geographical feature sensitive sensor placement.  J  Parallel Distrib  Comput  64: 815-825. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
6. Benkoczi  R,  Hassanein H, Selim Akl,  Tai S (2006) Data relaying with constraints in hierarchical sensor networks. J  Comb  Optim  11: 113-123. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
7. Allam AH, Taha M, Zayed HH (2022) Enhanced zone-Based energy aware data collection protocol for wsns. Comput  Inf  Sci 34: 36-46. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
8. Bin Guo, Chao Chen, Zhiwen Yu, Daqing Zhang, Xingshe Zhou (2015) Building human-Machine intelligence in mobile crowd sensing.  IT Prof 17: 46-52. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
9.  Bao FS, Pang Y, Zhou WJ, Jiang W, Yang Y, et al. (2016) Coverage-Based lossy node localization for wireless sensor networks.  IEEE Sens  J  16: 4648-4656. [Crossref] [Google scholar]
10. Akyildiz IF, Su w, Sankarasubramaniam M, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks:  Asurvey.  Comput Netw 38: 393-422. [Crossref] [Google scholar]