Short Communication, Int J Theranostic Vol: 12 Issue: 2

Transformative Impact of Targeted Therapy: Precision on Medicine in Oncology

McNally Flanigan^*

¹Institute of Nano-Theranostics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

*Corresponding Author: McNally Flanigan,
Institute of Nano-Theranostics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
E-mail: Flaniganally7623@hotmail.com

Received date: 29 May, 2023, Manuscript No. IJT-23-107011;

Editor assigned date: 31 May, 2023, PreQC No. IJT-23-107011 (PQ);

Reviewed date: 14 June, 2023, QCNo IJT-23-107011;

Revised date: 21 June, 2023, Manuscript No. IJT-23-107011 (R);

Published date: 30 June, 2023, DOI:10.4172/IJT.1000134

Citation: Flanigan M (2023) Transformative Impact of Targeted Therapy: Precision on Medicine in Oncology. Int J Theranostic 12:2.

Description

Targeted therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in medicine, offering a precise and personalized approach to treating various diseases, with a particular focus on oncology. This study provides a comprehensive review of targeted therapy, exploring its principles, mechanisms of action, applications, and future prospects. It delves into the transformative impact of targeted therapy in oncology, as well as its potential applications in other medical fields, such as immunology and neurology. Moreover, it is discussed that the challenges and opportunities in implementing targeted therapy and its role in shaping the future of precision medicine [1].

Targeted therapy represents a transformative shift in medical treatment, aiming to specifically target diseased cells or molecules involved in disease pathogenesis while sparing healthy tissues. This section introduces the concept of targeted therapy and its significance in personalized medicine [2].

Principles of targeted therapy

Molecular targets: Targeted therapies rely on identifying specific molecules, such as receptors, enzymes, or genes that play a vital role in disease development and progression.

Mechanisms of action: Different targeted therapy agents employ various mechanisms to interfere with the growth and survival of target cells, including inhibiting signaling pathways, inducing apoptosis, and blocking angiogenesis.

Biomarker-based treatment: The identification of biomarkers enables patient stratification, allowing clinicians to tailor targeted therapies to individuals most likely to benefit from treatment [3].

Targeted therapy in oncology

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): TKIs, such as imatinib and erlotinib, inhibit tyrosine kinases implicated in cancer growth and metastasis, leading to improved outcomes in various malignancies.

Monoclonal antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, target specific proteins on cancer cells, leading to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Immunotherapies, such as PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitors and CTLA-4 blockers, enhance the immune response against cancer cells by removing inhibitory signals [4].

Targeted therapy beyond oncology

Immunology: Targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune disorders by selectively suppressing immune responses responsible for tissue damage.

Neurology: In neurodegenerative diseases, targeted therapies aim to address the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, providing potential disease-modifying treatments [5].

Advantages of targeted therapy

Enhanced efficacy: Targeted therapies demonstrate superior efficacy compared to traditional treatments in selected patient populations.

Reduced toxicity: By specifically targeting diseased cells or molecules, targeted therapies minimize damage to healthy tissues, reducing treatment-related toxicities [6].

Personalized treatment: Biomarker-based patient selection allows for personalized treatment strategies, optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Challenges in targeted therapy

Resistance mechanisms: Tumor cells can develop resistance to targeted therapies, necessitating the development of combination therapies and strategies to overcome resistance.

Biomarker identification: Identifying predictive biomarkers for patient selection can be challenging, requiring extensive research and validation.

Cost and access: The high cost of targeted therapies can limit patient access, highlighting the need for affordability and equitable distribution [7].

Future perspectives and innovations

Combination therapies: Combining targeted therapies with other treatment modalities, such as immunotherapies or chemotherapy, holds efficacy for enhanced treatment efficacy [8].

Liquid biopsies: Liquid biopsies offer a non-invasive means of monitoring disease progression and treatment response, aiding in the selection and modification of targeted therapies [9].

Nanotechnology in targeted delivery: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems hold potential for targeted delivery of therapies to specific sites, improving drug bioavailability and reducing side effects [10].

Conclusion

Targeted therapy represents a transformative approach in medicine, offering precision and personalized treatment strategies for various diseases, with a significant focus on oncology. As research and technology continue to advance, targeted therapy is expected to play an increasingly vital role in shaping the future of precision medicine. Addressing challenges related to resistance mechanisms, biomarker identification, and cost will pave the way for wider implementation and improved patient outcomes. Collaborative efforts between researchers, clinicians, and industry partners are essential to drive innovation and bring the full potential of targeted therapy to fruition.

References

1. Kuppler RJ, Timmons DJ, Fang QR, Li JR, Makal TA, et al. (2009) Potential applications of metal-organic frameworks.Coord Chem Rev 253: 3042-3066.

   [Google Scholar]

2. Li MX, Miao ZX, Shao M, Liang SW, Zhu SR (2008) Metal-Organic frameworks constructed from 2,4,6-Tris(4-Pyridyl)-1,3,5-Triazine. Inorg Chem 47: 4481-4489.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [Indexed]  

3. Luning C, Xibo Z, Xiqing C, Zhaoxiong X, Qin K et al. (2020) The function of metal–organic frameworks in the application of MOF-based composites. Nanoscale Adv 2: 2628-2647.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [Indexed]

4. Bin W, Lin-Hua X, Xiaoqing W, Xiao-Min L, Jinping Li (2018) Applications of metal–organic frameworks for green energy and environment: New advances in adsorptive gas separation, storage and removal. Green Ener Environ 3: 191-228.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

5. Min HY, Kam LF, George ZC (2017) Synthesis and applications of MOF-derived porous nanostructures. Green Ener Environ 2: 218-245

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

6. Mazen AG, Razan I, Mohamad H (2017) Synthesis, size and structural evolution of metal–organic framework-199 via a reaction–diffusion process at room temperature. Cryst Eng Comm 19: 608-612

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

7. Denisov GL, Primakov PV, Korlyukov AA, Novikov VV, Nelyubina YV (2019) Solvothermal synthesis of the Metal-Organic Framework MOF-5 in autoclaves prepared by 3D printing. Russ J Coord Chem 45: 836-842.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

8. Hanan AK, Jorge G, Ernst JRS, Liza R (2015) Electrosynthesis of metal-organic frameworks: Challenges and opportunities. Chem Electro Chem 2: 462-474

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

9. Maria K, Peter K, Andreas FT, Klaus R, Franziska E (2010) Mechanochemical synthesis of metal−organic frameworks: A fast and facile approach toward quantitative yields and high specific surface areas. Chem Mater 22: 5216-5221.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

10. Melvin SS, Jayanta B, Parthiban C, Gayathri V, Pradeep SND (2018) Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of metal organic framework for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol under direct sunlight. Ultrason Sonochem 49: 215-221.

    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]