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Hindi Research Article, Int J Ment Health Psychiatry Vol: 2 Issue: 3
Systems Neuroscience in Children and Adolescent Depression
| Tomoya Hirota1, Gordana Milavić2, Fiona McNicholas3,4,5, Thomas Frodl6,7 and Norbert Skokauskas6,8* |
| 1Department of Psychiatry Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
| 2National and Specialist Services, Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom |
| 3Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland |
| 4Lucena Clinic, Dublin, Ireland |
| 5Department of Child Psychiatry, Our Lady's Children Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland |
| 6Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland |
| 7Department of Psychiatry, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany |
| 8Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Child Protection, Department of Neuroscience, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway |
| Corresponding author : Norbert Skokauskas, NTNU Faculty of Medicine, RKBU,Pb 8905, MTFS, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Tel: +47-405-36-900 E-mail: Norbert.Skokauskas@ntnu.no |
| Received: April 11, 2016 Accepted: June 20, 2016 Published: June 24, 2016 |
| Citation: Hirota T, Milavic G, McNicholas F, Frodl T, Skokauskas N (2016) Systems Neuroscience in Children and Adolescent Depression. Int J Ment Health Psychiatry 2:3. doi:10.4172/2471-4372.1000126 |
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in children and adolescents often presenting as a severe, chronic and recurring condition with a high risk of self-harm and suicide. Normal brain development during adolescence is necessary to put into context when investigating biology of adolescent depression. There is an uneven timeline for development going from ‘bottom up’ with the subcortical limbic areas developing first, followed by the prefrontal cortical (PFC) areas, which does not reach full functional maturity until the mid-20s. Amygdala and striatum have been reported to be reduced in depressed youth compared to controls. Functional brain changes have been identified in adults but less consistently in adolescent depression.
