Opinion Article, J Biochem Physiol Vol: 6 Issue: 1

Significance of RNA Interference Precision Gene Regulation

Ramji Kamal^*

Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Odisha, India

*Corresponding Author: Ramji Kamal
Department of Pharmaceutics
Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Odisha, India
E-mail: ramjikamal123@gmail.com

Received date: 20-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. JBPY-23-95999;
Editor assigned date: 22-Feb-2023, PreQC No. JBPY-23-95999 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 09-Mar-2023, QC No JBPY-23-95999;
Revised date: 16-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. JBPY-23-95999 (R);
Published date: 23-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.4172/jbpy.1000128

Citation: Kamal R (2023) Significance of RNA Interference Precision Gene Regulation J Biochem Physiol 6:1.

Description

In recent years, the field of molecular biology has witnessed groundbreaking advancements in our understanding of the genetic code and the mechanisms that direct gene expression. One of the most promising discoveries in this field is RNA interference (RNAi), a powerful tool that allows to selectively regulating gene expression with remarkable precision. RNAi has revolutionized the field of genetics and has immense potential for therapeutic applications including the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, viral infections, and genetic disorders. It involves the use of small RNA molecules, known as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), to selectively silence or degrade specific RNA molecules, thereby preventing the translation of the corresponding proteins. This process occurs through a series of intricate molecular interactions that ultimately result in the destruction of the target RNA, preventing its protein-coding potential.

The discovery of RNAi has opened up new possibilities for gene regulation, as it allows scientists to precisely control gene expression by simply introducing synthetic or naturally occurring small RNA molecules into cells. This has revolutionized the field of genetics and has paved the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that target the root cause of diseases at the genetic level. One of the most exciting applications of RNAi is in cancer treatment. Cancer is a complex disease that arises from the uncontrolled growth and division of cells due to genetic mutations. RNAi has the potential to specifically target the mutated genes responsible for cancer and selectively silence them, thereby inhibiting the growth and spread of cancer cells. This approach, known as gene silencing or gene knockdown, holds great promise for the development of highly specific and effective cancer therapies.

For example the use of RNAi to target a specific gene called MYC which is known to be overexpressed in many types of cancer. The used siRNAs to selectively degrade the MYC mRNA in cancer cells, leading to a significant reduction in cancer cell growth and tumor size in mice. This study highlights the potential of RNAi as a precision tool for cancer therapy as it allows for the selective targeting of cancercausing genes while leaving normal genes unaffected. Another promising application of RNAi is in the treatment of viral infections. Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack the host cell's machinery to replicate and spread. RNAi can be used to target viral RNA molecules and prevent their translation into viral proteins, thereby inhibiting viral replication and spread. This approach has been shown to be effective against a wide range of viral infections, including HIV, hepatitis B, and respiratory viruses.

The designed siRNAs that specifically targeted the HIV genome and introduced them into infected human cells. The siRNAs selectively degraded the viral RNA, resulting in a significant reduction in viral replication and the production of infectious HIV particles. This study demonstrates the potential of RNAi as a promising therapeutic approach for viral infections, particularly for viruses that are difficult to target using traditional antiviral drugs. In addition to cancer and viral infections, RNAi also holds promise for the treatment of genetic disorders. Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in specific genes, and RNAi can be used to selectively silence or degrade the mutated RNA molecules, preventing the production of abnormal proteins.