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Hindi Case Report, Clin Oncol Case Rep Vol: 4 Issue: 7
Rare Intracranial Relapse of a Resected Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: A Case Report
Li He Shaun Lim1, Luo Baiwen2, Sharon Chan Pei Yi3, Po Yin Tang4, Min Wei Chen5, Ru Xin Wong6, Toh Tan Boon2, Edward Kai-Hua Chow3, Mohamad Farid Bin Harunal Rashid7, and Valerie Shiwen Yang7,8,9*
1Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
2The N1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
3Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
4Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
5Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
6Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
7Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
8Translational Precision Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
9Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
*Corresponding Author:
Valerie Shiwen Yang
Division of Medical Oncology
National Cancer Centre Singapore
11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore
E-mail: valerie.yang.s.w@singhealth.com.sg
Received: July 01, 2021 Accepted: August 02, 2021 Published: August 08, 2021
Citation: Lim LHS, Baiwen L, Pei YiSC, Tang PY, Chen MW, et al. (2021) Rare Intracranial Relapse of a Resected Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: A Case Report. Clin Oncol Case Rep 4:7
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST) are c-kit positive mesenchymal tumours that constitute the most common nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly metastasizing to the liver and peritoneum. Intracranial metastasis of GIST is extremely rare, with only 19 cases previously reported worldwide, thus presenting a diagnostic challenge and unique treatment considerations.
Case presentation: A 49-year-old gentleman presented with an acute onset of left-sided weakness and an unsteady gait. His past medical history is significant for pulmonary cryptococcosis and localised high risk gastric GIST harbouring KIT exon 11 deletion. He had undergone a R0 gastric wedge resection six years ago, completed three years of adjuvant imatinib, and had been on routine surveillance for the past three years.
A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain revealed a large intra-axial lesion in the right parietal lobe and two smaller brain lesions. Further imaging studies of the chest, abdomen and pelvis found no evidence of local recurrence of GIST, and no evidence of distant metastases. A right craniotomy and excision of the right parietal lobe lesion was performed. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated malignant spindled to epithelioid cells that were strongly positive for CD34, CD117 and DOG1, establishing the diagnosis of GIST. Further mutational analysis revealed a 24-nucleotide deletion in exon 11 consistent with the mutation seen in the primary gastric GIST resected six years ago. The patient was subsequently treated with palliative systemic imatinib with good response.
Conclusions: Isolated intracranial metastasis of GIST is exceedingly rare. We describe a treatment strategy that appears effective for patients with intracranial GIST metastasis, which includes surgical resection and palliative systemic treatment with imatinib. Further work is needed to determine the disease and patient factors which predispose to development of brain metastases in GIST and whether specific mutations are associated with distinct patterns of metastasis.
