Opinion Article, J Plant Physiol Pathol Vol: 12 Issue: 3

Innovative Approaches to Controlling Botrytis Cinerea in Hibiscus Cultivation

Yali Yue^*

¹Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi University, Nanning, China

*Corresponding Author: Yali Yue,
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
E-mail: yaliyue@gmail.com

Received date: 23 April, 2024, Manuscript No. JPPP-24-137242;

Editor assigned date: 26 April, 2024, Pre QC No. JPPP-24-137242 (PQ);

Reviewed date: 13 May, 2024, QC No. JPPP-24-137242;

Revised date: 21 May, 2024, Manuscript No. JPPP-24-137242 (R);

Published date: 29 May, 2024, DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X.1000342

Citation: Yue Y (2024) Innovative Approaches to Controlling Botrytis cinerea in Hibiscus Cultivation. J Plant Physiol Pathol 12:3.

Description

Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as gray mold, is a pervasive and destructive pathogen affecting Hibiscus and many other ornamental plants. Effective control of this fungus requires a multifaceted approach that integrates traditional practices with innovative technologies. This comprehensive discussion explores cutting-edge strategies to manage Botrytis cinerea in Hibiscus cultivation. Botrytis cinerea thrives in cool, damp environments and can infect Hibiscus plants at various stages of growth. It manifests as grayish-brown spots on leaves, stems, and flowers, often accompanied by a fuzzy gray mold. This infection can lead to significant aesthetic and structural damage, reducing the plant's vigor and market value. Traditional management practices, while effective to some extent, often rely on chemical fungicides that can lead to resistance and environmental harm. Thus, there is a need for innovative, sustainable approaches.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines multiple strategies to manage pests and diseases in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner. Here’s how innovative IPM strategies can be applied to control Botrytis cinerea in Hibiscus. Advances in plant breeding and biotechnology have enabled the development of Hibiscus varieties with enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Traditional breeding techniques, along with genetic engineering and markerassisted selection, can introduce resistant traits into commercial cultivars. This genome-editing tool allows precise modifications to the plant’s DNA to enhance resistance to Botrytis cinerea. By targeting specific genes associated with disease susceptibility, scientists can provide Hibiscus plants that are less prone to infection. Influencing beneficial fungi and bacteria to outcompete or directly antagonize Botrytis cinerea is a promising approach. For instance, Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis can be applied as soil or foliar treatments. These biocontrol agents produce antifungal compounds and induce systemic resistance in plants.

Fungi such as Gliocladium roseum and Clonostachys rosea parasitize Botrytis cinerea, reducing its growth and spread. These mycoparasites can be incorporated into soil amendments or applied as foliar sprays. Managing humidity and temperature is essential in preventing Botrytis cinerea outbreaks. Innovations in greenhouse technology, such as automated climate control systems, can maintain optimal growing conditions. Dehumidifiers, fans, and heating systems can reduce moisture levels and prevent the formation of microclimates conducive to fungal growth. Employing robotic systems for regular cleaning and monitoring can help maintain high hygiene standards in cultivation areas. Automated systems can quickly remove plant debris and infected material, minimizing sources of inoculum. The development of new fungicides with lower environmental impact and reduced risk of resistance is a key innovation. These fungicides, often derived from natural products, target specific pathways in Botrytis cinerea and degrade rapidly in the environment.

Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the efficacy and reduce the dosage of fungicides. Nano-encapsulation of active ingredients can improve their stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery, minimizing off-target effects and resistance development. Drones equipped with multispectral and thermal cameras can monitor large Hibiscus fields for early signs of Botrytis cinerea infection. These technologies provide real-time data on plant health, allowing for targeted interventions. Soil moisture and nutrient sensors can help maintain optimal growing conditions, reducing stress factors that predispose plants to infection. Plant sensors can detect physiological changes associated with early disease stages, enabling prompt action. Machine learning algorithms can analyze historical weather data, plant health records, and other variables to predict Botrytis cinerea outbreaks. These models help growers anticipate and mitigate disease risks. Mobile applications equipped with AI can assist growers in identifying Botrytis cinerea symptoms and recommending appropriate management practices. These platforms can also facilitate the collection and analysis of field data, enhancing decision-making processes.

Ultraviolet-C light has been shown to effectively reduce fungal spores on plant surfaces. Regular, low-dose UV treatments can suppress Botrytis cinerea without harming the plants. Automated UV-C robots can navigate through greenhouses, providing consistent and controlled exposure. Specific wavelengths of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light can influence plant physiology and disease resistance. Research indicates that certain blue and red light spectra can enhance plant immune responses, reducing susceptibility to fungal infections. Organic soil amendments like compost and biochar can improve soil health, structure, and microbial diversity, creating a less favorable environment for Botrytis cinerea. These amendments enhance soil aeration and water retention, reducing moisture levels that support fungal growth. Planting cover crops and using green manures can improve soil fertility and structure, suppressing weed growth and reducing disease incidence. These practices also promote beneficial microbial communities that can outcompete pathogens.

Efficient water delivery systems, such as drip irrigation, minimize foliage wetness and reduce the risk of Botrytis cinerea infection. These systems can be automated to ensure precise watering schedules based on soil moisture data. Using rain shelters and mulches can prevent water from splashing onto foliage, reducing the spread of fungal spores. Mulches also help maintain soil moisture levels and suppress weed growth. Controlling Botrytis cinerea in Hibiscus cultivation requires a complete and innovative approach that integrates genetic resistance, biological control, advanced cultural practices, precision agriculture, digital tools, light-based technologies, and sustainable practices. By combining these strategies, growers can effectively manage Botrytis cinerea while reducing reliance on chemical fungicides and minimizing environmental impact. The future of Hibiscus cultivation lies in the adoption of these innovative approaches, driven by ongoing research and technological advancements. As our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions deepens and new tools become available, growers will be better equipped to protect their Hibiscus plants from Botrytis cinerea and other diseases, ensuring healthy and vibrant blooms.