Commentary, J Clin Nutr Metab Vol: 8 Issue: 4

Genetic Polymorphisms in Nutritional Genomics: Pathways to Tailored Health Solutions

Habash Shatha^*

¹Department of nutrition, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: Habash Shatha,
Department of nutrition, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
E-mail: sha.hab@ku.edu.ir

Received date: 26 November, 2024, Manuscript No. JCNM-24-154799;

Editor assigned date: 28 November, 2024, PreQC No. JCNM-24-154799 (PQ);

Reviewed date: 12 December, 2024, QC No. JCNM-24-154799;

Revised date: 19 December, 2024, Manuscript No. JCNM-24-154799 (R);

Published date: 27 December, 2024, DOI: 10.35841/JCNM.1000168

Citation: Shatha H (2024) Genetic Polymorphisms in Nutritional Genomics: Pathways to Tailored Health Solutions. J Clin Nutr Metab 8:4.

Description

The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and nutrient absorption has gained considerable attention in the field of nutritional genomics. Genetic variations can influence the metabolism, absorption and utilization of nutrients, leading to interpersonal differences in dietary requirements and health outcomes. In this the key genetic polymorphisms affecting nutrient absorption, discusses their implications for precision nutrition and highlights potential interventions to optimize health outcomes. Understanding these genetic factors could enable the development of personalized dietary recommendations that cater to individual genetic profiles.

Nutrient absorption is important determinant of human health, influenced by various factors, including genetics. Advances in genomics have revealed that genetic polymorphisms variations in DNA sequence can significantly impact the absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of essential nutrients. These variations may predispose individuals to deficiencies or altered nutritional status, potentially influencing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis.

The Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) encodes an enzyme for folate metabolism and homocysteine regulation. Individuals with MTHFR polymorphisms may have lower serum folate levels, increased homocysteine and higher risk for conditions like neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Folate supplementation, particularly in its active form (5- methyltetrahydrofolate) can reduce these risks by bypassing the metabolic block.

Calcium absorption is regulated by vitamin D, mediated through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). Variants like FokI, BsmI and TaqI have been linked to altered receptor function and calcium metabolism. Polymorphisms in VDR may lead to decreased calcium absorption, predisposing individuals to osteoporosis and fractures. Personalized dietary recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intake can help optimize bone health in affected individuals.

Lactose Intolerance and LCT Gene Polymorphisms the LCT gene regulates the production of lactase, the enzyme responsible for digesting lactose. The C/T-13910 polymorphism near the LCT gene is a well-known determinant of lactase persistence or intolerance. Individuals with lactase non-persistence may experience gastrointestinal discomfort when consuming dairy products. Dietary adjustments, such as lactose-free products or lactase enzyme supplements, can alleviate symptoms and ensure adequate calcium intake. The APOA5 gene is important in triglyceride metabolism. Variants like -1131T>C are associated with altered lipid profiles and fat absorption. These polymorphisms may influence the risk of hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Tailored dietary fat recommendations, along with lifestyle interventions, can help manage lipid levels.

FUT2 (Fucosyltransferase 2) gene variants influence the secretion of H antigen in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting gut microbiota composition and vitamin B12 absorption. Polymorphisms like G428A are associated with reduced vitamin B12 levels, increasing the risk of anemia and neurological issues. Vitamin B12 supplementation, in oral or injectable forms, can address deficiencies effectively.

The identification of genetic polymorphisms provides a foundation for precision nutrition a personalized approach to dietary planning based on an individual's genetic makeup. This paradigm shift has several implications: Genetic testing can identify individuals at risk for nutrient deficiencies or related health issues, enabling early intervention. Optimized Supplementation is Tailored nutrient supplementation can address genetic predispositions, improving absorption and overall health. Enhanced Disease Management, the precision nutrition can play a major role in managing chronic diseases linked to nutrient-gene interactions, such as osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

Genetic polymorphisms play a significant role in nutrient absorption, influencing individual dietary needs and health outcomes. By understanding these variations, nutritional genomics provides a pathway toward personalized nutrition, addressing unique genetic profiles to optimize health and prevent disease. Despite challenges, advancements in genetic research hold the promise of revolutionizing dietary recommendations, paving the way for a more individualized approach to nutrition and healthcare.