Commentary, J Biochem Physiol Vol: 5 Issue: 2

Genetic Engineering of Crops for Improving Salinity Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

Narendra Teja^*

Department of Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author:Narendra Teja
Department of Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
Email: Teja4hay@gmail.com

Received date: 02 February, 2022, Manuscript No.JBPY-22-59929;
Editor assigned date: 04 February, 2022; PreQC No.JBPY-22-59929(PQ);
Reviewed date: 18 February, 2022, QC No.JBPY-22-59929;
Revised date: 25 February, 2022, Manuscript No.JBPY-22-59929(R);
Published date: 04 March, 2022, DOI: 10.4172/jbpy.1000112.

Citation: Teja N (2022) Genetic Engineering of Crops for Improving Salinity Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. J Biochem Physiol 5:2.

 

Keywords: Phosphor Transferees

Description

Crop improvement has been a basic and essential chase since organized cultivation of crops began thousands of years ago. Abiotic stresses as a whole are regarded as the crucial factors restricting the plant species to reach their full genetic potential to deliver desired productivity. The changing global climatic conditions are making them worse and pointing toward food insecurity. Agriculture biotechnology or genetic engineering has allowed us to look into and understand the complex nature of abiotic stresses and measures to improve the crop productivity under adverse conditions. Various candidate genes have been identified and transformed in model plants as well as agriculturally important crop plants to develop abiotic stress-tolerant plants for crop improvement. The views presented here are an attempt toward realizing the potential of genetic engineering for improving crops to better tolerate abiotic stresses in the era of climate change, which is now essential for global food security. There is great urgency in speeding up crop improvement programs that can use modern biotechnological tools in addition to current breeding practices for providing enhanced food security.

Phosphor Transferees System

It is imperative that the use of genetic engineering has high expectations and great prospective to improve plant stress tolerance potential and crop productivity to harness the full genetic potential of crop species, but large biosafety issues related to genetically engineered crops must be ensured for sustainable crop production. In the future, efforts should also be taken more in developing the marker/reporter-free genetically engineered crops with plant-derived promoter rather than virus-derived promoter. Production of marker-free transgenic crops to avoid the risk of horizontal gene transfer, e.g., antibiotic resistance genes from genetically engineered crops to soil- and plant-related microorganisms or escape of herbicide resistant genes to wild relatives also needs the attention of plant scientists. There has been a growing interest in using agricultural wastes and by-products as abundant, non-expensive, and non-food feed stocks for bioethanol production. Plant biomass is mainly composed of cellulose and starch that need to be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars before being used for ethanol production. Natural ethanol genic microorganisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobiles can utilize just a few simple sugars but, of course, not starch and other polysaccharides. Therefore, the polymeric plant biomass needs to be converted into consumable sugars for fermentation by the microorganisms. In order to reduce the costs, it is desirable to obtain an ethanol genic strain that can consume polymeric carbohydrates on its own to integrate the scarification and fermentation in a consolidated process. For this purpose, several attempts have been made to transform ethanol genic strains by the expression of exogenous enzymes and pathways to broaden the range of substrates they can utilize for ethanol production subtilis has an elaborate system for the consumption of starch biomass, through which the starch is hydrolyzed by extracellular amylolytic enzymes to release maltose and maltodextrins.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Maltose is taken up by means of the Phosphor Transferees System (PTS) and hydrolyzed into glucose and glucose-6 P through the cytoplasmic phosphor-α-1,4-glucosidase. Furthermore, a few microalga species own natural anti-microbial compounds or comprise biomolecules that may serve as immunostimulants. further, rising genetic engineering technologies in microalgae provide the possibility of manufacturing â??practical feed componentsâ?? wherein novel and specific bioactive, together with fish growth hormones, anti-bacterial, subunit vaccines, and virus-centered interfering RNAs, are components of the algal complement. The evaluation of such technology for farm applications is a critical step inside the future improvement of sustainable aquaculture. Microalgae, consequently, represent a useful thing of finfish and shellfish feed, with those phototrophic microorganisms cultured in low-price photo bioreactors, both on-web site (to offer live algae as acirc;green waterâdeliver) or off-web page at extra appropriate region for algal cultivation generating dried algae, frozen algal concentrates, or algal pastes suitable for storage and delivery furthermore, the development of genetic engineering technology for many algal species a hit introduction of a practical transgene into a mobile involves requirements the primary is the bodily delivery of the foreign DNA into the nuclear or chloroplast genome transformation inside the case of microalgae, the small cell length and thick mobile wall often present enormous transformation challenges however, techniques along with micro particle bombardment, electroporation, agitation with glass beads or silicon carbide whiskers, or agrobacterium-mediated DNA switch, have all been exploited to address those demanding situations in extraordinary species . Secondly, there are not any gene silencing mechanisms within the chloroplast, not like within the nucleus; consequently, transgene expression is solid and does now not require the upkeep of a selective stress to make sure energetic expression. Thirdly, whole lot better degrees of transgene expression can be completed in the chloroplast, partly because of the high ploidy of the chloroplast genome and partially because of using promoter and UTRs from very especially expressed chloroplast genes. Eventually, chloroplast transformation of C. reinhardtii may be done on the premise of the rescue of photosynthetic mutants carrying deletions in critical chloroplast genes which include PSBA or PSBH. Sizeable enhancements to HM84 from the HM83 generation included creation of new BPH, BLB, and blast resistance into the HM83 background. This was the primary era into which the two QTLs for resistance to leaf and neck blast were introgressed into the pus-three history. In general, nine foreground genes/QTLs were introgressed into 4 Plus-4 Bailsmen generations of KDML backcross inbred strains were carefully developed via pyramiding six QTLs with six gene-specific alleles into KDML105. Salt tolerance KDML Plus-1 and drought tolerance CSSLs are integrating into the HM84. This newly rising HM84 can have advantages over KDML105 in that affected area in which bacterial leaf blight, blast, brown plant hopper, and flooding are issues. With these adaptive advantages and tremendous cooking fine, the revolutionary KDML one hundred and five may be more effective in the subsistence and pesticide-loose lowland rained area.