Commentary, J Clin Exp Oncol Vol: 13 Issue: 2

Evaluating the Types of Skin Cancer and Diagnostic Procedures

Catheriene Adelyn^*

¹Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany

*Corresponding Author: Catheriene Adelyn,
Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
E-mail: catheriene_adelyn@eku33.de

Received date: 25 March, 2024, Manuscript No. JCEOG-24-136980;

Editor assigned date: 27 March, 2024, PreQC No. JCEOG-24-136980 (PQ);

Reviewed date: 10 April, 2024, QC No. JCEOG-24-136980;

Revised date: 17 April, 2024, Manuscript No. JCEOG-24-136980 (R);

Published date: 24 April, 2024, DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.1000405

Citation: Adelyn C (2024) Evaluating the Types of Skin Cancer and Diagnostic Procedures. J Clin Exp Oncol 13:2.

Description

Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, with millions of cases diagnosed globally each year. It encompasses a range of malignancies that originate from different types of skin cells. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for effective treatment and improved prognosis. It explores the various types of skin cancer, their characteristics, and the diagnostic procedures used to identify them. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent form of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It originates in the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis. BCC typically appears as a translucent, pearly bump on sun-exposed areas like the face and neck. It grows slowly and rarely metastasizes, but it can cause significant local tissue damage if not treated.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC) accounts for approximately 20% of skin cancer cases. It arises from squamous cells, which make up most of the skin's upper layers. SCC often presents as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas but can also develop on any part of the body, including mucous membranes. SCC has a higher potential to spread to other parts of the body compared to BCC. Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, though it is less common than BCC and SCC. It develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanomas often resemble moles and can be black, brown or multicolored with irregular borders. They are known for their rapid growth and high likelihood of metastasis, making early detection and treatment critical.

The first step in diagnosing skin cancer typically involves a thorough visual examination by a dermatologist. This includes a fullbody skin check to identify any suspicious lesions. Dermoscopy, a tool that uses magnification and polarized light, is often employed to examine moles and lesions more closely. If a suspicious lesion is found, a biopsy is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. Several types of biopsies can be used, shave biopsy a thin layer of the lesion is shaved off the surface of the skin.

Punch biopsy a circular tool is used to remove a small core of tissue, including deeper layers of the skin. Excisional biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed, often used if melanoma is suspected. Incisional biopsy in this only a portion of the lesion is removed, typically used for larger lesions. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine if cancer cells are present and to identify the type of skin cancer.

In cases where there is a suspicion of metastasis, imaging tests such as X-rays, Computerised Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans may be conducted. These tests help determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, organs, or bones. For melanoma, in particular, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the lymphatic system. This procedure involves injecting a dye near the tumor site to identify the first lymph node (sentinel node) that drains the area. The sentinel node is then surgically removed and examined for cancer cells.

Blood tests and other laboratory tests can also be useful, especially in monitoring the patient's overall health and identifying markers that might indicate the presence of cancer. For instance, elevated levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood can be a sign that melanoma has spread. Early detection of skin cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. Regular self-examinations and annual check-ups with a dermatologist are essential, especially for individuals with a higher risk due to factors such as fair skin, excessive sun exposure, a history of sunburns, or a family history of skin cancer. Preventive measures are equally important and include applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with an Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher. Wearing protective clothing such as long sleeves, hats, and sunglasses help protect against UV radiation.

Conclusion

Skin cancer encompasses a variety of malignancies, each with distinct characteristics and risks. Understanding the different types of skin cancer and the diagnostic procedures used to identify them is necessary for early detection and effective treatment. By staying vigilant and adopting preventive measures, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing skin cancer and improve their chances of successful treatment if it does occur. Regular consultations with healthcare professionals and awareness of skin changes are vital components in the fight against skin cancer.