Case Report, J Food Nutr Disor Vol: 11 Issue: 1

Effect of Diets (Low FODMAP) on Reducing Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Students of Lebanese University-Yemen

Soha Alseraji^*

Department of food, Lebanese International University, Yemen.

*Corresponding Author:

Soha Alseraji
Department of food, Lebanese International University, Yemen.
E-mail:sohaalseraji@gmail.com

Received date: 03 January, 2022; Manuscript No. JFND-22-51879;
Editor assigned date: 07January, 2022; Pre QC No. JFND-22-51879 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 13 January, 2022, QC No. JFND-22-51879;
Revised date: 24 January, 2022, Manuscript No: JFND-22-51879 (R);
Published date: 04February, 2022, DOI:10.4172/2324-9323.1000311.

Citation: Soha A (2022) Effect of Diets (Low FODMAP) on Reducing Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Students of Lebanese University-Yemen. J Food Nutr Disor 11:01.

Keywords: Diet; IBM; Food

Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive functional disorder, which is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in intestinal function without any damage to the tissue. The role of diet in triggering IBS symptoms has long been recognized [1].  One billion people or 15% of the world's population are affected by this disease [2]. IBS also affects an average of 11% of the adult population in developing countries [3-5]. IBS is the disorder most commonly encountered by gastroenterologists, and diagnosis is made according to a symptom-based classification system, the Rome Criteria, with the latest version, Rome IV, recently released. Prevalence rates in North America have been reported as approximately 12%, and symptoms occur more often in patients less than 50 years of age Patients with IBS suffer not only from gastrointestinal distress, but approximately 40%-60% experience comorbid psychological disorders, such as depression or anxiety. In addition, patients with IBS report higher levels of somatization compared to patients without IBS but with gastrointestinal symptoms. Not surprisingly, IBS has been shown to negatively impact patients’ quality of life, as well as to adversely affect society’s financial resources. In addition, IBS affects 10% to 15% of adults in the United States and results in significant disorders in Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL), daily work and labor productivity as well as indirect costs [6].

Despite the substantial cost of IBS to patients and society, curative, medical interventions have yet to be discovered. The development and persistence of IBS symptoms have been acknowledged as multifactorial in nature, making treatment of the disorder a complicated, clinical endeavor. Approaches are based on the reduction of patient symptomatology, and current pharmacological management often provides suboptimal relief. Current treatments including pharmacological interventions, diet therapy, and behavioral treatments. The following  drug categories  are used  to treat IBS:  anti-depressants,  mint  oil,  non-absorbable  antibiotics from  the intestines  and  the drugs  which stimulants  GABA secretion [7]. Antidepressants normally prevent reabsorption of  certain  neurotransmitters  such  as  norepinephrine  and serotonin  and  dopamine  in  nerve  terminals  which  despite promising  results, there  are significant  side effects  such as anxiety and mental disorders as well as gastrointestinal, genital organs,  eating  disorders  and  pain  [8]. The most reliable evidences support drugs such as rifaximin, lubiprostone, fiber supplement and mint oil for treatment of IBS. New drugs for [9].

Method and Materials

Study design and participants

We performed a 3 trial of 70 patients with IBS (18-65 years old), based on the Rome III criteria [10], were recruited between September 2020 and October 2020 via advertisements in nutrition clinic at LIU, and through word of mouth.  Patients were randomly assigned (blinded) to groups given counseling to follow a diet low in FODMAPs for 3 weeks, resulting in 3 groups (27 receiving low in FODMAPs diet (IBS-D), 26 receiving low in FODMAPs diet (IBS-C), 24 receiving placebo diet. Dietary counseling was given to patients in all groups and data on foods eaten and compliance were collected.

Study protocol

Participants recorded their baseline symptoms daily. Participants then were randomized to receive 14 days of a diet low in FODMAPs or 14 days of a diet containing FODMAP content of a typical Yemeni diet. Participants were blinded to the diets and almost all food was provided. The symptoms determined by direct questioning by a study investigator.

Interventional Diets

Almost all food, comprising 3 main meals and 2 snacks daily, was provided. Detailed meal plans specifying meals and quantities were supplied (Supplementary Table 1). However, participants were instructed to eat to their appetite. The supplemented foods contained at least one FODMAP for those following the typical Yemeni diet. The meal plans were aimed to provide an average of calorie/day and to meet the recommended servings of all food groups according to the dietary guidelines.

Procedures

Dietary compliance to both placebo diet and low FODMAP diet was self-reported weekly during telephone calls (“In the last week I have followed the diet.”). Patients were considered compliant if they reported following the diet frequently or always (i.e., >50% of the time) on at least2 of the 3 weekly assessments.

Results and Discussion

Participants

Patients were recruited between January 28, 2013 and November 21, 2014. A total of 162 patients were screened. Therefore, 104 patients were randomized to low FODMAP diet (n=51) and placebo (n=51). Baseline characteristics of patients for both diets as (Table 1). All patients reported following the diet>50% of the time on at least 2 of the 3 weeks and were defined as compliant to the dietary interventions. 
Forty-five participants were recruited for the study. Seven participants (3 IBS and 4 healthy controls) quit the study before commencing their second diet and were excluded from analysis.  7 participants were female, with a median age of 28 years, body mass index of 23.6. Of the remaining 38 participants, 30 had IBS and 8 were healthy controls. The IBS and healthy cohorts were well matched for sex, age, and body mass index, and 26 participants had breath hydrogen testing for fructose malabsorption.
In this study, it appears from that, the quality of life in the IBS-C and placebo groups (traditional Yemeni food) was a score 2, while the score was 3 for the IBS-D group, meaning that the group suffered from the quality of life more than the previous two groups, at week zero, i.e. (the beginning of the study). The quality of life in group IBS-D improved steadily at first and second week, while the improvement in IBS-C and placebo groups remained stable at score 2 respectively. This indicates that low Food map diet did not affect the IBS-C and Placebo groups from the beginning of the study to the end.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In conclusion, the results of this study provide high quality evidence that the low FODMAP diet is efficacious for treatment of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in unselected IBS with symptoms being halved compared with a typical Yemeni diet. Self-assessed satisfaction with stool consistency also was improved in both IBS-D and IBS-C subgroups.  These results support the notion that the low FODMAP diet has efficacy in the vast majority of patients with IBS and support its use as a first-line therapy. The low-FODMAP diet also resulted in a lower fermentation level in the colon.

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