Commentary, Int J Cardiol Res Vol: 12 Issue: 1

Classifications of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children

Markus Vollorth^*

Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

*Corresponding Author: Markus Vollorth
Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
E-mail: markusvollorth@uni.edu.no

Received date: 14 February, 2023, Manuscript No. ICRJ-23-91628;

Editor assigned date: 16 February, 2023, PreQC No. ICRJ-23-91628 (PQ);

Reviewed date: 03 March, 2023, QC No. ICRJ-23-91628;

Revised date: 10 March, 2023, Manuscript No. ICRJ-23-91628 (R);

Published date: 20 March, 2023 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8602.1000478.

Citation: Vollorth M (2023) Classifications of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children. Int J Cardiol Res 12:1.

Description

Congenital heart defects may appear during the stage of a baby's development. Some heart problems present in families, so there may be a genetic component to some heart defects. If the mother had a disease while pregnant and was taking medications, such as antiseizure medications or the acne medication isotretinoin, some heart problems and etc.

Congenital heart disease classifications

Problems that cause an excessive amount of blood to pass through the lungs. These flaws allow oxygen-rich blood that should be travelling to the body to recirculate through the lungs, increasing pressure and stress.

PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus): This flaw disrupts the normal pulmonary vascular system, allowing blood to circulate between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. There is an open passageway between the two blood vessels prior to birth. This opportunity closes shortly after birth. Some blood returns to the lungs if it does not close. Premature infants frequently have patent ductus arteriosus.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): An abnormal opening between the two upper chambers of the heart to the right and left atria causes abnormal blood flow through the heart.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A hole in the ventricular septum (the dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart to the right and left ventricles) occurs in this condition. Due to increased pressure in the left ventricle, blood flows back into the right ventricle through this opening. This causes the right ventricle to pump an extra volume of blood into the lungs, often resulting in pulmonary congestion.

Atrioventricular Canal (AVC or AV canal): Atrioventricular canal is a complex heart problem that involves several structural abnormalities within the heart, including an atrial septal defect, a ventricular septal defect, and improperly formed mitral and/or tricuspid valves.

Problems that cause insufficient blood flow through the lungs. These flaws allow blood that has not been to the lungs to pick up oxygen (and thus is oxygen-depleted) to enter the body. With these heart problems, the body does not receive enough oxygen, and the baby may be cyanotic, or blue in colour.

Tricuspid atresia: There is no tricuspid valve in this condition, so no blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Pulmonary atresia: This is a complicated CHD in which the pulmonary valve develops abnormally.

Transposition of the great arteries: The pulmonary artery and aorta are reversed in this condition.

Tetralogy of fallot: This condition is distinguished by four defects: an abnormal opening, or ventricular septal defect; a narrowing (stenosis) at or just beneath the pulmonary valve, which partially blocks blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs; a right ventricle that is more muscular than normal and frequently enlarged; and an aorta that lies directly over the ventricular septal defect.

Double outlet right ventricle: The aorta and pulmonary artery are both connected to the right ventricle in this condition.

Truncus arteriosus: In this condition, the aorta and pulmonary artery begin as a single blood vessel before splitting into two separate arteries. Truncus arteriosus occurs when the single great vessel fails to completely separate, resulting in a connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Coarctation of the aorta: The aorta is narrowed or constricted in this condition, obstructing blood flow to the lower part of the body and raising blood pressure above the constriction.

Aortic stenosis: This condition occurs when the aortic valve between the left ventricle and the aorta fails to form properly and narrows, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood to the body.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: A collection of heart and great blood vessel abnormalities.

However, most of the time, there is no obvious cause for the heart defect. Genetics, certain medical conditions, some medications, and environmental or lifestyle factors, such as smoking, may all play a role in the majority of these defects.