Perspective, J Plant Physiol Pathol Vol: 9 Issue: 9

A Note on Ecophysiology

Rubella Goswami^*

Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, USA

*Corresponding Author:

Lu Chun-Shien
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, USA
E-mail: sl332@msstate.edu

Received Date: September 08, 2021; Accepted Date: September 14, 2021; Published Date: September 20, 2021

Citation: Goswami R (2021) A Note on Eco Physiology. J Plant Physiol Pathol 9:9. 264.

Copyright: © All articles published in Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology are the property of SciTechnol, and is protected by copyright laws. “Copyright © 2021, SciTechnol, All Rights Reserved.

Keywords: Ecophysiology, bionomy, environmental, phenotypically

Perspective

Ecophysiology (from Greek oikos, “house (hold)”; physis, “nature, origin”; and logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology may be a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism’s physiology to environmental conditions. It’s closely associated with comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology. Ernst Haeckel’s coinage bionomy is usually employed as a synonym. Plant ecophysiology cares largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and answer environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies are coordinated with one another), and the way their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange are often understood on this basis. In many cases, animals are ready to escape unfavorable and changing environmental factors like heat, cold, drought or floods, while plants are unable to maneuver away and thus must endure the adverse conditions or perish (animals go places, plants grow places). Plants are therefore phenotypically plastic and have a powerful array of genes that aid in acclimating to changing conditions. It’s hypothesized that this massive number of genes are often partly explained by plant species’ got to sleep in a wider range of conditions.

Light

Light is that the food of plants, i.e. the shape of energy that plants use to create themselves and reproduce. The organs harvesting light in plants are leaves and therefore the process through which light is converted into biomass is photosynthesis. The response of photosynthesis to light is named light response curve of net photosynthesis (PI curve). The form is usually described by a nonrectangular hyperbola. Three quantities of the sunshine response curve are particularly useful in characterizing a plant’s response to light intensities. The inclined asymptote features a positive slope representing the efficiency of sunshine use, and is named quantum efficiency; the x-intercept is that the candlepower at which biochemical assimilation (gross assimilation) balances leaf respiration in order that internet CO2 exchange of the leaf is zero, called light compensation point; and a horizontal asymptote representing the utmost assimilation rate. Sometimes after reaching the utmost assimilation declines for processes collectively referred to as photo inhibition.

As with most abiotic factors, candlepower (irradiance) are often both suboptimal and excessive. Suboptimal light (shade) typically occurs at the bottom of a plant canopy or in an understory environment. Shade tolerant plants have a variety of adaptations to assist them survive the altered quantity and quality of sunshine typical of shade environments. Excess light occurs at the highest of canopies and on open ground when cloudiness is low and therefore the sun’s zenith angle is low, typically this happens within the tropics and at high altitudes. Excess light incident on a leaf may result in photo inhibition and photo destruction. Plants adapted to high light environments have a variety of adaptations to avoid or dissipate the surplus light energy, also as mechanisms that reduce the quantity of injury caused. Light intensity is additionally a crucial component in determining the temperature of plant organs (energy budget).

Temperature

In response to extremes of temperature, plants can produce various proteins. These protect them from the damaging effects of ice formation and falling rates of enzyme catalysis at low temperatures, and from enzyme denaturation and increased photorespiration at high temperatures. As temperatures fall, production of antifreeze proteins and de-hydrins increases. As temperatures rise, production of warmth shock proteins increases. Metabolic imbalances related to temperature extremes end in the build-up of reactive oxygen species, which may be countered by antioxidant systems. Cell membranes also are suffering from changes in temperature and may cause the membrane to lose its fluid properties and become a gel in cold conditions or to become leaky in hot conditions. This will affect the movement of compounds across the membrane. To stop these changes, plants can change the composition of their membranes. In cold conditions, more unsaturated fatty acids are placed within the membrane and in hot conditions; more saturated fatty acids are inserted.