Vaccines against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: A Review

Vaccines against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: A Review

Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealeis a Gram-negative, non-motile, highly pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-sporulating bacterium of the rRNA superfamily V within the phylum Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides, which has become an emerging pathogen that causes high economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection, which is reported mostly in broiler chickens and turkeys, causes respiratory distress, decreased growth, and mortality. The best strategy for their control or prevention is probably vaccination, because most worldwide O. rhinotrachealeisolates have acquired resistance against the antibiotics regularly used in the poultry industry. The purpose of this work is to review the current status of bacterins, live vaccines and subunit recombinant vaccines reported and used for the control of O.rhinotrachealeinfection in commercial poultry under experimental and field conditions.