Urolithiasis is associated with an identified metabolic abnormality

Background: Urolithiasis is associated with an identified metabolic abnormality in approximately 40-50 % of children. The most commonly observed are hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and cystinuria with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia being the most common. Aim: To determine the frequency of different metabolic abnormalities in children with renal stones Study design. Cross sectional study Settings: Urology and Renal transplant department armed forces institute of Urology Study duration. 30 August 2018 28 Feb 2019 Method: A total of 113 children with renal stones 1-14 years of age were included. Patients with urinary tract infection, puv, puj obstruction, reflux disease and CRF were excluded. Then 24 hour’s urine sample was taken and sent to the pathology laboratory for measuring the level of Uric acidy calcium, oxalate and magnesium. Presence or absence of metabolic abnormalities i. e hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria and hypomagnesuris was noted. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.45+3.14 years with age range from 1 – 14 years, out of 113,62(54.87%) patients were male and female patients 51 (45.13%) were, male to female ratio 1.2:1. In this study, I have found hypercalciuria in 54 (47.79%),hyperoxaluria in24(21.24%),hypocitraturia in 64(56.64%),hyperuricosuria in 21(18.58%)and hypomagnesuris in 39(34.51)% Conclusion:. It is concluded that frequency of metabolic abnormalities is extremely high in children with renal stones, hypocitraturia and hypercalciuria are the most significant metabolic abnormalities noted in patients.