Tumor Suppressor Genes: Guardians of the Genome and their Role in Cancer

Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSGs) are critical components of cellular systems that safeguard genomic integrity and regulate cellular growth, division, and apoptosis. Mutations or inactivation of these genes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer development. This article delves into the biology of tumor suppressor genes, highlighting their functions, mechanisms of action, and implications in cancer progression. Key TSGs such as TP53, RB1, and BRCA1 are discussed in detail, along with their roles in various types of cancer. The article also examines diagnostic and therapeutic advancements targeting TSGs, including genetic screening and gene therapy, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize cancer management. Understanding TSGs’ molecular pathways offers invaluable insights into cancer prevention and treatment.