Studies of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dutse Jigawa state, North-Western Nigeria

Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a causative agent of tropic spastic paraparesis and adult T-Cell leukaemia. Information regarding the involvement of HTLV-1 in presentation of subclinical immune suppression that may results in increased rate of HIV and TB infections has long been documented. 60 confirmed pulmonary TB subjects consisting of 41 males and 19 females were recruited in this study. Tuberculosis was confirmed by collecting their sputum samples and analyzed using GeneXpert. The immune-globulins G and M (IgG and IgM) were both assayed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The prevalence of HTLV-1 IgG antibodies among TB subjects was 6.6%, while that of IgM was 1.6%. There was no significant association between HTLV-1 and tuberculosis (P>0.05). Accordingly, sexually active group has the highest prevalence of 2.3% when compared to single and widow categories, age group 15- 24 has the highest percentage of 3.3% for HTLV-1 IgG antibodies. There are around 10–20 million HTLV-I transporters on the planet. Specifically, HTLV-I is endemic in Japan, portions of focal Africa, the Caribbean bowl, and South America. Furthermore, epidemiological investigations of HTLV-I have uncovered high seroprevalence rates in Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, just as among Australian natives. In Japan, roughly 1.2 million people are evaluated to be tainted by HTLV-I, and in excess of 800 instances of ATL are analyzed every year. Additionally, this infection likewise causes neurodegenerative illness, HTLV-I-related myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The total dangers of ATL HTLV-I transporters in Japan are assessed to be about 6.6% for men and 2.1% for ladies, showing that most HTLV-I bearers stay asymptomatic for an incredible duration.