Modulation of Mucosal Antiviral Immune Response at the Female Genital Tract by Immunobiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Modulation of Mucosal Antiviral Immune Response at the Female Genital Tract by Immunobiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

The female genital tract (FGT) has unique characteristics, which have evolved to adequately carry on its vital function of reproduction. Thus, on the one hand the FGT has to be tolerogenic enough not to reject the allogeneic sperm and fetus in order to ensure procreation and; on the other hand it should be reactive enough for clearing viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens. To increase complexity, there is a constant exposure of mucosal cells to an endogenous microbiota, and to the direct and indirect action of sexual hormones (estradiol and progesterone). The immunity of the FGT has not been studied as extensively as the immunity of the gut, and the antiviral response at this important mucosal site is even less understood. In line with this, immune modulation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offers a brand new field of research.