Increase of calcium in Rocha pear (Pyrus communis L.) for development of functional foods: Localization and characterization of minerals in fruits

The food industry is bound to face some challenges in the future, one of them being in finding ways to feed a growing population set to reach up to 9 billion people by 2050 while maintaining food quality, in the meads of resource limitations and sustainable use of them. In this outlook, minimizing mineral deficits in human diet should help prevent health diseases, which are present majorly in developing countries but also in developed ones. Food industries may acquire a participating role in this problematic by producing functional foods. Calcium is one of the most abundant minerals in human organisms. It performs both structural and signaling functions, and its deficits are associated with the development of osteoporosis and similar pathologies. Following this matter, the use of foliar applications in order to increase the amount of minerals in the edible part of plants, will result in unprocessed foods with additional value, allowing the production of functional foods. From May to August of 2018, in one orchard located in the west region of Portugal, a biofortification itinerary was implemented. It was applied a total of seven foliar applications. The first two with two different products, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, with three different concentrations each, and the other five applications used only calcium chloride, in higher concentrations.