Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Contamination Hazard Assessment: A Review

This paper gives a brief overview of the potential application of remote sensing in water resources. Here we discuss about developing and existing technology of GIS and RS which is widely used in almost every field like urban planning, construction, forest management, hospital, defense centers, hydrological mapping etc. groundwater is considered the major portion of the world’s freshwater resources. Whereas this resources need to be sustainably developing and one of the prominent challenge towards this is better management of freshwater resources. Integrated use of remote sensing and GIS have been generally used to describe the surface water bodies and hydro-metrological variables such as precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, land surface characteristics and evapotranspiration fluxes. Today almost near real time spatial-temporal data’s can be recorded frequently which is beneficial for monitoring drought, flood estimation and irrigation management. From last few decades groundwater used for domestic, industrial, commercial and various other purposes. Therefore exploitation of resource leads to contaminate it, meanwhile fluoride is one of the prominent pollution that deteriorate the groundwater second most important pollutant is nitrate. This article illuminates major pollutants and their sources in groundwater also discuss about reliable methods and tool that help in development and management of groundwater resources.