Genetic Aspects of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis: A Review

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is a very common clinical entitiy effecting 20-30% of the population, with multiple allergies accompanying the situation as high as 54%. Being a type I hypersensitivity reaction to allergens, the symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis mostly overlap, sharing common etiopathogenic properties. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an immune reaction mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies. Clinically, it is characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and itching of the nasal membranes, pharynx, and soft palate. Allergic rhinitis is the most prominent of allergic diseases and is accompanied by bronchial asthma and especially ocular symptoms.