Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Parvovirus Disease in Dogs: A Mini Review

Canine Parvovirus (CPV 2), a member of genus Parvovirus, within family parvoviridae, superfamily parvovirinae, causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis (parvo disease) in dogs. Since CPV 2 has been originated from Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), it has emerged into different genotypes, CPV 2a, CPV 2b and more recently CPV2c. The genome of CPV2 is 5323 bp long single stranded DNA. CPV2 is prevalent all over the world. Infected feces serve as source of parvo infection. This review describes in brief, the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and vaccination and treatment of CPV2 disease with special emphasis on its diagnostic methods electron microscopy (EM), virus isolation (VI), Hemagglutination (HA), immunochromatography, immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real time PCR, loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and biosensors.