Descriptive Epidemiological and Pathological Study of Canine Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 0.5–1.5% of all canine tumor types and is very aggressive, rapidly growing, and metastasis-generating, culminating in the death of the animal. The management of canine RCC lacks predictive biomarkers. The aim of this study is to conduct an epidemiological and pathological analysis of dogs affected with RCC.A retrospective and descriptive review of studies published between January 2001 to December 2019 was carried out using the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct. Twenty-one articles from 11 countries were included in the study, totaling 258 cases. Histopathological analysis based on cytological criteria showed that cromophobic and clear cell carcinoma were the most frequent subtypes. The histological classification revealed that papillary and tubular carcinoma accounted for 70% of the cases. Vimentin, Pax8, CKs (CK AE1/AE3, CK CAM5.2 and CK7), COX-2, Napsin-A, CD10 and CD117 were the most commonly used diagnostic biomarkers, corresponding to 80% of cases. Moreover, 14-3-3σ and COX-2 were also used as predictive biomarkers for canine RCC. 

In conclusionVimentin, Pax8, CKs (CK AE1/AE3, CK CAM5.2 and CK7), COX-2, Napsin-A, CD10 and CD117 were the most commonly used diagnostic biomarkers, corresponding to 80% of cases. Moreover, 14-3-3σ and COX-2 were also used as a predictive biomarker for canine RCC.