Correlation of Cognitive Impairment with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Diabetes Mellitus 2 leads to cognitive impairment in later stages of life which effects quality of life of patients. Despite of increasing evidence of cognitive disorders especially Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), limited local literature is available.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in endocrinology outpatient department for a period of 6 months on 352 patients through non- probability, consecutive sampling. All data was entered in SPSS version 25, mean ± S.D were used for quantitative data whereas frequency and percentages were used for categorical data. means of age (years), HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels and duration (years) were compared using independent sample t-test in normal and MCI groups. Pearson correlation was used to find relationship of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score with age, HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels and duration. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: There were 200 (56.8%) male and 152 (43.2%) female patients with mean age of 56.72 years. The mean HbA1c score was 7.95 ± 0.591, mean fasting blood sugar level was 198.76 ± 35.54 and mean postprandial blood sugar level was 257.83 ± 32.89. Among all, 224 (63.6%) patients were MCI and MoCA score was significantly correlated with HbA1c, mean fasting blood sugar level and mean postprandial blood sugar level (p-values<0.000).

Conclusion: This study concludes that patients with diabetes mellitus 2 are at high risk of developing of the mild cognitive of impairment. HbA1c, longer duration of disease, and fasting of blood sugar level were negatively correlated with MoCA score.