Correction of Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats by Macrophage Activity Modulation

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are characterized with destructive processes in organs due to hyperglycemia, protein glycation, oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis and lack of anabolic effects of insulin. The violations of various organs are manifested by a change in the biochemical parameters of the blood. Since macrophages are capable of regulating both autoimmune reactions and the process of regeneration of damaged tissues, the use of a macrophage modulator sodium 3-aminophthalhydrazide (SA) could be a promising method for correction the organ damage. The aim of the work is to reveal the possibility of SA to correct plasma parameters of the organ damage in diabetic rats. Fifty male Wistar rats weighing 240-250 g were used in accordance with the Directive 2010/63/EU. Alloxan (300 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to simulate T1DM; nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) were administered to simulate T2DM. Diabetic rats received 20 intramuscular injections of SA (2 mg/kg).Biochemical, ELISA, histological and immunohistochemical methods were used. The treating diabetic rats by SA was accompanied by a partial correction of diabetes-specific parameters (glucose, insulin)in T1DM and T2DM groups, correction of organ damage parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity; total protein, urea, creatinine level) in T2DM group,in contrast to T1DM,in which was not ameliorated the parameters of liver damage (ALT and AST/ ALT). The reason for the correction of biochemical parameters is the increased division of beta cells and insulin production as a result of the action of the immunomodulator 3- aminophthalhydrazide.