Conservation of “Cause-Effect” by using Integrated Individual Radiation Dosestowards Standardization of Epidemiology Health-Risk Estimates of Nuclear/Radiation Workers

Major efforts have been in progress over the past few decades worldwide on applying low dose/low dose rate ionizing radiation exposures to epidemiological studies of public and in particular radiation workers to estimate radiation health risks to either further support the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis or the hormesis model or any other acceptable models [1,2]. This is in fact the main challenging issue in the practice of present radiation protection philosophy for protection of workers, public and the environment in ionizing radiation applications. Presently, “occupational exposure” in the system of dose limitation and epidemiology studies of workers are only based on radiation doses received during radiation work with no consideration of any doses received from other sources such as chronic natural background (NBG) radiation.