Comprehensive Review on Peste Des Petits Ruminants [PPR] Disease in Ruminants and Camels: with Emphasis on Clinical Signs and Histopathological Finding

Comprehensive Review on Peste Des Petits Ruminants [PPR] Disease in Ruminants and Camels: with Emphasis on Clinical Signs and Histopathological Finding

Peste des petits ruminants [PPR] is a highly acute disease of small ruminants with high morbidity and mortality. The geographic distribution of disease is almost global. The PPRV affecting small domestic and wild ruminants and camels. PPRV is a lymphotropic and epitheliotropic virus which causes conjunctivitis and rhinotracheitis, stomatitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia. Histopathologically, pseudomembraneous [necrotic] stomatitis, necrotic tonsillitis, fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis, proliferative interstitial pneumonia suppurative bronchointerstitial pneumonia, multi-nucleated giant cells [syncytia] and cytoplasmic and/or nuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies are considered as pathognomonic signs. An acute form usually is seen in goat and is similar to rinderpest. The classic feature of PPR is a severe respiratory disease. The subacute form, usually occurs in sheep, but also possible in goats. Control and prevention program is based on vaccination, quarantine, movement control and sanitary slaughter and disinfection.