Batteries Ultrasonic surface treatment-A novelty method on improving durability of cementitious materials

Cement industry consumed about 12-15 % of the total industrial energy use and discharge 7 % of total worldwide CO2 emissions annually. However, owing to the porous microstructure, the durability of cementitious materials (cement paste, cement mortar, concrete) is still a big issue. Much methods has been presented and studied to improve the microstructure of cementitious materials, but that always caused extra expense and lead to dramatic increase in project cost.