Association of Anthropometric index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Ankle Brachial Pressure Index in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive condition that leads to stenosis and occlusion of the arterial bed and is a marker of systemic atherosclerosis. Smoking; type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most important risk factors of PAD. Overweight and obesity increase the risk of T2DM.This study was conducted to evaluate an association between anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors with ankle-brachial pressure indices (ABPI) in newly detected T2DM.

Aims: To observe the association between the anthropometric index and cardiovascular risk factors with ABPI in newly detected T2DM patients evaluated by duplex color Doppler study of lower limb arteries.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging BIRDEM Academy, Dhaka, from January 2017 to July 2018. A total of 65 samples from the adult population referred to the above-mentioned hospital for duplex color Doppler study of lower limb arteries were included in this study. Statistical analyses of the result were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS-22).

Results: The mean age was 63.06 ± 9.69 years with ranged from 48 to 83 years and the male to female ratio was almost 2:1. More than half (50.7%) patient's BMI had 23-26.9 kg/m2 (Overweight) and 25 (38.5%) obese. More than three fourth (79.7%) patients had hypertensive blood pressure, 56 (86.2%) patients had dyslipidemia, and 30 (46.2%) patients were exsmoker and 10 (15.4%), current smoker. There were significant negative correlation (r=-0.603; p=0.001) found between BMI with ABPI right, (r=-0.436; p=0.001) between blood pressure with ABPI right, (r=-0.390; p=0.001) between lipid profile with ABPI right, (r=-0.542; p=0.001) between smoking with ABPI right, Similarly, there were also significant negative (r=-0.627; p=0.001) between BMI with ABPI left, (r=-0.305; p=0.014) between blood pressure in ABPI left, (r=-0.533; p=0.001) between blood lipid profile with ABPI left and (r=-0.533; p=0.001) between smoking with ABPI left.

Conclusion: From this finding of the study it can be concluded that there were significant inverse relation between ABPI and BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking.