An Examination of Cancer Immunotherapy: Past, Present, and Future

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly increased patients' chances of survival and quality of life as compared to earlier standards of care (such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery). From the metastatic stage to the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings in many cancer types, immunotherapy has now firmly established itself as a novel pillar of cancer care. In this review article, we emphasize how the development of cancer immunotherapy led to findings that are today considered best practices. We also discuss the existing drawbacks and restrictions of cancer checkpoint immunotherapy and the emerging approaches being used to address these problems in the fields of tailored cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the microbiome, the tumor microenvironment, and metabolomics.