2-D Graphene and Derivatives- Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Boosters Mimicking 3-D Cell Microenvironment

2-D Graphene and Derivatives- Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Boosters Mimicking 3-D Cell Microenvironment

Regenerative medicine represents a multi-disciplinary medical area of increasing interest due to the major progress in cell and organ transplantations, as well as advances in biomaterials science and bioengineering. In 1993, Langer and Vacanti proposed the combined use of stem cells (SCs), nanomaterials-based scaffolds, and inductive factors as the basis for regenerative medicine (RM). Since then, researchers have been able to fabricate increasingly complex tissue/organ constructs, some of them are even used in clinics today as standard treatment for a variety of conditions (e.g. bone reconstruction).