Research Article, J Athl Enhancement Vol: 4 Issue: 4
Visual Cortices and their Impact on Sport-Related Concussion: A Review
| Andrea Cripps1*, Scott C. Livingston2, Yang JIANG3, Carl Mattacola4, Patrick Kitzman5, Emily Van Meter Dressler6 and Patrick McKeon7 | |
| 1Assistant Professor Athletic Training Education , Bowling Green State University, USA | |
| 2Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Defense Center of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury, USA | |
| 3Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USa | |
| 4Rehabilitation Science, University of Kentucky , USA | |
| 5Rehabilitation Sciences Doctoral Program and Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, USA | |
| 6Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, USA | |
| 7Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, USA | |
| Corresponding author : Andrea Cripps PhD, ATC Assistant Professor Athletic Training Education, Eppler South 209, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403 E-mail: acripps@bgsu.edu |
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| Received: January 16, 2015 Accepted: September 16, 2015 Published: September 22, 2015 | |
| Citation: Cripps A (2015) Visual Cortices and their Impact on Sport-Related Concussion: A Review, Controlled Trial. J Athl Enhancement 4:4. doi:10.4172/2324-9080.1000206 |
Abstract
Visual Cortices and their Impact on Sport-Related Concussion: A Review
The human visual cortex is a complex anatomical system which involves inputs and outputs from multiple areas of the brain including both the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. These visual areas and pathways may be altered following a concussion (a subtype of mild traumatic brain injury or TBI) as a result of topdown processing in the brain. Theoretical models for changes occurring in the visual pathways derived from primate research can be applied to the visual cortex in humans following concussions. The purposes of this review article are to: (1) provide an overview of the two anatomical pathways of the human visual system, (2) describe the implications for the differential effects of brain injury in the dorsal and ventral visual pathways of individuals who have sustained a mild TBI, and (3) explain how frontal cortex function or dysfunction modulates both perception and action which take place in posterior parts of the brain.
